Relapsing-remitting and primary progressive multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab: A comparative study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and radiological effectiveness of ocrelizumab in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in a clinical practice setting and describe its tolerability and adverse events. METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted comparing clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of all patients with (pw)PPMS and RRMS who had received treatment with ocrelizumab at least one cycle and have been followed up for one year at minimum. RESULTS: 42 patients (27 women) treated with ocrelizumab: 29 had RRMS and 13 PPMS. The follow-up period was 26.4 ± 8.4 months. The proportion of pwRRMS with no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) in the first year was 69.2% and in the second was 80%. In the first year, radiological activity was reduced by 80.0% in pwRRMS and 91.7% in pwPPMS. In the second year, radiological activity was completely reduced in both groups. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the pre-ocrelizumab rate of disability progression vs. the first year rate of progression for pwRRMS and pwPPMS. However, an increase in the disability progression rate in the second year of treatment was found in pwPPMS. Ocrelizumab was mostly well tolerated and some adverse effects were reported: infusion-related reactions (IRRs) were the most frequent adverse event, followed by infections and hematological side effects. Discontinuations were due to infections, hematological complications, and perception of ineffectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Ocrelizumab was very effective in reducing relapses and MRI activity. The rate of progression was slowed down; however, the effect was more evident for pwRRMS than for pwPPMS over time.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis: Results of the Spanish Neurology Society Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To understand COVID-19 characteristics in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify high-risk individuals due to their immunocompromised state resulting from the use of disease-modifying treatments. METHODS: Retrospective and multicenter registry in patients with MS with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and available disease course (mild = ambulatory; severe = hospitalization; and critical = intensive care unit/death). Cases were analyzed for associations between MS characteristics and COVID-19 course and for identifying risk factors for a fatal outcome. RESULTS: Of the 326 patients analyzed, 120 were cases confirmed by real-time PCR, 34 by a serologic test, and 205 were suspected. Sixty-nine patients (21.3%) developed severe infection, 10 (3%) critical, and 7 (2.1%) died. Ambulatory patients were higher in relapsing MS forms, treated with injectables and oral first-line agents, whereas more severe cases were observed in patients on pulsed immunosuppressors and critical cases among patients with no therapy. Severe and critical infections were more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, with progressive MS forms, a longer disease course, and higher disability. Fifteen of 33 patients treated with rituximab were hospitalized. Four deceased patients have progressive MS, 5 were not receiving MS therapy, and 2 were treated (natalizumab and rituximab). Multivariate analysis showed age (OR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.04-1.17) as the only independent risk factor for a fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This study has not demonstrated the presumed critical role of MS therapy in the course of COVID-19 but evidenced that people with MS with advanced age and disease, in progressive course, and those who are more disabled have a higher probability of severe and even fatal disease.